A marine fuel oil supply device comprises an oil mixing barrel, an oil cabinet and a master control system. An oil mixing pipeline is arranged between the oil mixing barrel and the oil cabinet. An oil supply pipeline is arranged between the oil mixing barrel and an engine, and the oil mixing pipeline is provided with a first oil supply electric control valve, a filter, a supply oil pump and a flow meter. The oil supply pipeline is provided with an oil supply pressurizing oil pump, a second oil supply electric control valve and a viscometer. A heating device and a cooling device are further connected between the second oil supply electric control valve and the viscometer in parallel. The master control system comprises a CPU. The oil mixing barrel, the first oil supply electric control valve, the supply oil pump, the flow meter, the oil supply pressurizing oil pump, the second oil supply electric control valve and the viscometer are connected with the CPU through signal lines. The invention further provides a marine fuel oil supply method. By means of the marine fuel oil supply device and method, heavy oil or diesel oil or gas oil is provided for a power generator of a ship, the fuel oil amount, pressure and viscosity can be adjusted according to needs, and the marine fuel oil supply device and method have the beneficial effects that the fuel oil quality is improved, the fuel oil efficiency is improved, the fuel oil cost is reduced, and the engine is better protected.