The invention discloses a method for quickly extracting and separating lipid components in peony seeds. The method is characterized by loading a total lipid sample to a solid-phase extraction silica gel column through extracting total lipids in the peony seeds; then respectively carrying out elution by using chloroform, acetone and methanol as elution solutions to obtain neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids; then respectively and further expanding the neutral lipids, the glycolipids and the phospholipids, separating triacylglycerol from the neutral lipids, separating MGDG (Monogalactosyl Diacylglycerol), DGDG (Digalactosyl Diglyceride) and SQDG (Sulfoquinovosyl Diacylglycerol) from the glycolipids, and separating phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol from the phospholipids. According to the method disclosed by the invention, nine kinds of lipid components in grease of the peony seeds can be effectively separated, the variety of the obtained lipid components is rich, and fatty acid can be obtained after carrying out methyl esterification on the total lipids, the neutral lipids, the glycolipids and the phospholipids; the method is quick and simple, the cost is low, and a feasible analysis method is provided for fundamental researches.