The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine and discloses novel application of Cucurbitacins, namely novel application of Cucurbitacin B, Cucurbitacin B substances, Cucurbitacin BE and a pharmaceutical composition thereof in a medicine for treating ovarian cancer and improving the quantity of leukocytes of radiotherapy patients. The Cucurbitacin can also be a cucurbitacin B monomer, an isocucurbitacin B monomer, a dihydrocucurbitacin B monomer, a cucurbitacin I monomer, and a cucurbitacin O monomer. The Cucurbitacins or pharmaceutical compositions thereof can be matched with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and prepared into a tablet, a capsule, a granule, powder, a plaster, an ointment, an aerosol, a suspension, a syrup, an oral liquid, and an injection, and can also be prepared into special dosage forms such as a liposome, microspheres, nanoparticles and an emulsion for cavity administration, external use, oral administration and injection. The individual administration or the combined treatment can be performed, the administration dosage of the Cucurbitacins is calculated according to the total Cucurbitacins, the dosage for healthy adults is between 0.1 and 5mg / d, the best dosage is between 0.3 and 3mg / d, and the administration is performed for 1 to 4 times.