The invention discloses an open-pit copper mine rock slope ecological greening system. The greening system comprises an open-pit copper mine rock slope, a geocell and a vegetation base material, the geocell is fixed on the open-pit copper mine rock slope through a steel bar anchor rod, the vegetation base material is filled in the geocell, the vegetation base material comprises copper tailings, plant fibers, low-alkali cement, an aggregate agent, a water-retaining agent, a pH regulator and an organic fertilizer, the vegetation base material comprises a vegetation base material bottom layer and a vegetation base material surface layer, and the vegetation base material bottom layer is arranged close to the open-air copper mine rock slope. According to the greening system, a large amount of tailing solid waste existing in a copper mine is used as a main raw material to prepare the slope greening planting base material, so that the purpose of treating waste with waste is achieved, the greening cost is reduced, pollution caused by tailing solid waste stockpiling is reduced, and the ecological environment of a mining area and the surrounding of the mining area is improved. The open-pit copper mine rock slope ecological greening system does not need large mechanical equipment during construction, and is simple and convenient in construction method, good in long-term stability, short in construction period and low in manufacturing cost.