The invention relates to the field of strain measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the strain of a tensile sample, which solves the problem in the prior art that strain cannot reveal the intrinsic characteristics of material strain. The method comprises the following steps: 1, spray paint for speckle measurement is sprayed on the surface of the sample, and the color of the spray paint is in sharp contrast to the surface color of the sample; 2, the sample is mounted and clamped on a tensile testing machine, measuring devices are connected, measurement parameters are set, the test is started, and testing data are recorded; and 3, the size of a speckle measuring point ranges from 0.1 to 50 micrometers, speckles are distributed randomly, the strain distribution of the speckle measuring points is measured, and a measurement report containing strain gradient distribution is formed. The strain distribution provided by the method is important in revealing the intrinsic characteristics of a material. Particularly, to obtain the whole-field strain distribution, the speckle measurement technology is applied to tensile sample surface measurement.