The invention relates to the field of building foundation pit, and discloses a building foundation pit displacement monitoring and supporting device based on capacitance change. The right side of a baffle is fixedly connected with a cross rod and a connecting plate, the connecting plate is hinged with a moving rod through a connecting rod, the right end of the cross rod is fixedly connected with asupporting plate, the left end of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with a first spring, the interior of the supporting plate is movably connected with a main fixing column, the right side ofthe supporting plate is fixedly connected with a mounting frame, the right inner wall of the mounting frame is fixedly connected with a second spring, the left end of the second spring is fixedly connected with a pressing plate, the right side of the pressing plate is fixedly connected with a push rod, and the right end of the push rod is fixedly connected with a stop block. According to the building foundation pit displacement monitoring and supporting device based on the capacitance change, after the large displacement of a foundation pit occurs, the baffle moves rightwards, and the stop block is pushed to the right, so that the purpose of automatic detection is achieved, the use of an electronic component is reduced, the reliability of the device is improved, and the cost is reduced.