The invention discloses an automatic blockage-clearing waste gas filtering device and relates to the technical field of waste gas clearing equipment. The device comprises a cleaning and filtering mechanism; the cleaning and filtering mechanism comprises a sliding chute, a vibration head, a sliding block, a negative pressure port, a connecting ring, a filtering unit and a sealing plate; the filtering unit accumulating a large number of particles slides rightwards after bearing enough waste gas pressure; firstly, a sliding block on the side of the filtering unit is in butt joint with a vibrationblock, so that the filtering unit is affected by high-frequency vibration, and the particles on the filtering unit are rapidly shaken off; and secondly, after the sliding block moves, the negative pressure port is opened to suck and clean the shaken-off particles, so that secondary adsorption is avoided; and thirdly, after the sliding block moves, the sealing plate can be pulled to seal an air inlet, so that waste gas accumulates pressure in the air inlet, and when the pressure is enough, the sealing plate is pushed away, the sliding block is reset, and waste gas continues to be filtered. Automatic cleaning of the filtering unit after the filtering unit accumulates the particles is facilitated, manual intervention is not needed, and the waste gas filtering efficiency is greatly improved.