The invention relates to the technical field of waste incineration, and discloses a high-temperature combustion furnace for garbage incineration treatment. The high-temperature combustion furnace comprises a furnace body, the top of the furnace body is fixedly connected with a vent pipe, the interior of the vent pipe is fixedly connected with a water absorption block, the side surface of the water absorption block is fixedly connected with a conductive rod, and the inner wall of the vent pipe is provided with a baffle. A bearing toothed rod is rotatably connected to the side face of the baffle, a bearing wheel is connected to the side face of the bearing toothed rod in a meshed manner, an isolation block is arranged at the left side of the extrusion rod, a screw rod is connected to the surface of an inner wheel of a centrifugal wheel in a meshed manner, and a rotating shaft is connected to the position, located in the furnace body, of the side face of the screw rod in an engaged manner. According to the high-temperature combustion furnace for garbage incineration treatment, through cooperative use of a return pipe and the baffle, the effect that when liquid water in garbage is incinerated to overflow wrapped garbage, carbon monoxide and black smoke generated by garbage incineration are recycled for secondary ignition is achieved.