The invention discloses an automatic locking mechanism and an automatic locking filature provided with the same. The automatic locking mechanism mainly comprises an installation bottom plate, a first bearing installation plate, a second bearing installation plate, a push assembly, a compression assembly, a precession assembly and a control component, wherein the first bearing installation plate and the second bearing installation plate are fixedly arranged relative to the installation bottom plate; the push assembly is fixed on the installation bottom plate; the compression assembly is arranged on the first bearing installation plate and the second bearing installation plate; the push assembly is used for driving the compression assembly to move vertically downwards; and the precession assembly comprises a pneumatic screw driver for driving a screw to rotate for locking. In the automatic locking mechanism, the working condition of the pneumatic screw driver is controlled through the control assembly, a synchronous belt wheel and an encoder, so that the controllability of a torque signal of the pneumatic screw driver is realized, and the automatic locking speed is greatly increased.