The invention relates to an intumescent flame-retardant heat-insulating fireproof coating and a preparation method thereof, the intumescent flame-retardant heat-insulating fireproof coating is formed by mixing a component A, a component B and an auxiliary agent, the component A comprises an adhesive, a catalyst, a coupling agent, a foaming agent, an inorganic flame retardant, an organic flame retardant, a high-temperature adhesive, a combustion improver, a water removal agent, a smoke absorbent, an anti-aging agent and an ultraviolet absorbent; the component B comprises a curing agent, a plasticizer and a chain extender; and the auxiliary agent is a diluent. The intumescent flame-retardant heat-insulating fireproof coating has the advantages that the intumescent flame-retardant heat-insulating fireproof coating is suitable for protection of various indoor and outdoor materials, particularly suitable for occasions with high fireproof performance requirements, such as electric power, information and petrochemical industries, can delay object ignition or reduce the combustion speed of a protected base material, can quickly release heat after the surface temperature of the intumescent flame-retardant heat-insulating fireproof coating exceeds 290 DEG C, a carbon flocculent isolation layer is formed through expansion, and conduction of the heat effect is isolated.