The invention specifically relates to a 
sample preparation method and detection method for water-soluble heavy 
metal elements in 
solid waste, belonging to the technical field of 
analytical chemistry. The method comprises the following steps: a, adding pure water into to-be-detected 
solid waste; b, adding a neutral oxidizing 
atmosphere protective agent and carrying out vibrating extraction for 4 to 6 h; c, carrying out filtering, taking filtrate and adding an oxidizing strong acid solution and the neutral oxidizing 
atmosphere protective agent into the filtrate so as to obtain a 
mixed solution; and d, maintaining the 
mixed solution in a sub-boiling state and then successively carrying out evaporative concentration, cooling to 
room temperature, 
dilution and volume fixation. The methods provided by the invention have the characteristics of easy operation, a few steps, low requirements on the performance of analysis equipment and experimental condition, small usage amounts of reagents, capacity of simultaneous determination of multiple elements, low 
quantitative determination lower limit, high precision, etc. and totally meet technical needs for accurate determination of water-soluble heavy 
metal elements like Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Se, Be, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni in 
antimony titanium chloride tailings in an analysis laboratory with common equipment and conditions.