The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine decoction for regulating menstruation and relieving pain, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines. The traditional Chinese medicine decoction is prepared from the following medicines: radix angelica sinensis, rhizoma chuanxiong, salviae miltiorrhizae, white paeony roots, cassia twigs, radix bupleuri, rhizoma cyperi, lindera aggregate, costustoot, rhizoma corydalis, radix achyranthis bidentatae and liquorice. Under a panoramic view, although a small quantity of the medicines are selected, the medicines help each other and are strictly cooperated to achieve outstanding effects of nourishing and activating the blood, promoting the circulation of qi, regulating menstruation and relieving pain. For qi stagnation and blood stasis type dysmenorrhea, cattail pollen and trogopterus dung are added; for cold-damp coagulation type dysmenorrhea, fructus evodiae and fennels are added; and for qi and blood deficiency type dysmenorrhea, radix codonopsis and astragalus membranaceus are added. The formula of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction is simplified, and the traditional Chinese medicine decoction is convenient to take, low in cost, safe and reliable; and features and advantages of the traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of diseases are fully embodied, and clinical popularization and application are facilitated.