357results about How to "Improve coupling coefficient" patented technology

An optical fiber coupler capable of providing a low loss, high coupling coefficient interface between conventional optical fibers and optical waveguide devices is provided. The novel coupler, which may be polarization maintaining, if a polarization maintaining preform is used in its fabrication includes a core, a cladding, a first end for interfacing with an optical fiber and a second end for interfacing with an optical waveguide device. The sizes of the core and cladding are gradually reduced from the first end to the second end in accordance with a predetermined reduction profile. Various parameters, such as refractive indices and sizes of the core and cladding and the reduction profile are selected to produce a low numerical aperture at the first end and a high numerical aperture at the second end, while advantageously minimizing insertion loss and maximizing the coupling coefficient at each end. In another embodiment, the novel coupler includes a secondary cladding which is also reduced between the first and second ends to improve the strength of the coupler structure at the second end. In yet another embodiment, one or two novel couplers are formed along with a chiral fiber based optical waveguide device as a single continuous element. The optical fiber preform used to fabricate the novel optical fiber coupler can be etched prior to fabrication to facilitate application of the reduction profile.

An optical fiber coupler array capable of providing multiple low loss, high coupling coefficient interfaces between a predetermined number of low numerical aperture optical fibers and an optical waveguide device with at least a corresponding number of waveguide interfaces. The novel coupler array includes a plurality of coupler inner cores and a plurality of corresponding coupler outer cores, within a medium surrounding each plural outer core, and also includes a first end for interfacing with plural optical fibers and a second end for interfacing with a plurality of waveguide interfaces of an optical waveguide device. The sizes of the inner and outer cores are gradually reduced from the first end to the second end in accordance with at least one predetermined reduction profile. Various parameters, such as refractive indices and sizes of the inner and outer cores and the medium (as well as the reduction profile) are selected to produce a plurality of low numerical aperture waveguides at the first end, and a plurality of high numerical aperture waveguides at the second end, while advantageously minimizing insertion loss and maximizing the coupling coefficient at each end. Advantageously, the novel coupler array may be fabricated as an array of individually drawn couplers from multiple parallel fused performs (arranged in a row, or in another geometric cross section). Alternately, the novel coupler array may be fabricated from a single perform (glass or polymer) embedded with a plurality of parallel inner and outer core sets.

The invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a metal-insulator-metal transformer together with a capacitor. The method comprises steps of providing a substrate having at least a dielectric layer formed thereon and then forming a first metal layer of the metal-insulator-metal capacitor together with a first metal coil of the transformer over the substrate. An insulating layer is formed to cover the substrate, the first metal layer and the first metal coil. A second metal layer of the metal-insulator-metal capacitor is formed together with a second metal coil of the transformer on the insulating layer.

An optical fiber coupler array capable of providing multiple low loss, high coupling coefficient interfaces between a predetermined number of low numerical aperture optical fibers and an optical waveguide device with at least a corresponding number of waveguide interfaces. The novel coupler array includes a plurality of coupler inner cores and a plurality of corresponding coupler outer cores, within a medium surrounding each outer core, and also includes a first end for interfacing with optical fibers and a second end for interfacing with a plurality of waveguide interfaces of an optical waveguide device. The sizes of the inner and outer cores are gradually reduced from the first end to the second end in accordance with at least one predetermined reduction profile, such that the coupler array comprises a plurality of low numerical aperture waveguides at the first end, and a plurality of high numerical aperture waveguides at the second end.