93results about How to "Improve desalination performance" patented technology

The invention relates to a preparation method of a nanometer compounding capacitor type desalting electrode of a carbon nanometer pipe/graphene sandwich structure. According to the invention, carbon nanometer pipes in a composite electrode material are uniformly supported among grapheme layers to form a sandwich structure, and one end of each carbon nanometer pipe is connected with stripping graphene. According to the invention, the carbon nanometer pipes situ grow through chemical vapor deposition on graphene surface, thereby realizing low-cost and large-scale preparation of the carbon nanometer pipe/graphene sandwich structure nanometer composite material; and the carbon nanometer pipe/graphene sandwich structure nanometer composite material and polytetrafluoroethylene latex liquid are coated on a piece of graphite paper in a mixing uniformity manner, and the carbon nanometer pipe/graphene sandwich structure nanometer compounding capacitor type desalting electrode is prepared after drying. The prepared carbon nanometer pipe/graphene sandwich structure nanometer composite electrode provided by the invention has good conductibility, good desalting performance, and has potential application prospects on a low energy-consumption and low-cost capacitor type desalting aspect.

The invention relates to a continuous wastewater treatment device utilizing membrane capacitive deionization. An upper cover plate and a lower cover plate are coaxially installed at the upper end and the lower end of a cylindrical shell, a water inlet nozzle and a water outlet nozzle which are communicated with the interior of the shell are respectively formed in the axis part of the upper cover plate and the axis part of the lower cover plate, a water collecting plate is coaxially installed on the upper cover plate in the shell, conducting rods are uniformly and axially distributed on the periphery of the shell at intervals, a lower distribution board and an upper distribution board are coaxially installed in the shell between the water collecting plate and a water distributing plate and are of a pair of metal boards, and a plurality of groups of processing module components are coaxially installed between the two distribution boards, wherein each group of processing module component comprises an upper current collecting plate, a membrane carbon positive electrode, a diaphragm, a membrane carbon negative electrode and a lower current collecting plate. According to the continuous wastewater treatment device, the membrane electrode is integral and is prepared by a carbon electrode and an ion membrane through spraying a cation exchange coating on a cathode and spraying an anion exchange coating on an anode, the thickness of the ion exchange layer is less than 10mu, and the membrane electrode has small resistance and large capacitance compared with those of a membrane electrode on which an ion membrane is directly added.

The invention discloses a graphene oxide modified PA (polyamide) composite nanofiltration membrane and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises steps as follows: preparing a PA ultrafiltration basement membrane; preparing an aqueous amino graphene oxide solution; adding a crosslinking agent to the prepared aqueous amino graphene oxide solution to prepare an amino graphene oxide crosslinking solution; dip-coating the PA ultrafiltration basement membrane with a layer of the amino graphene oxide crosslinking solution with a surface coating method firstly, then coating the PA ultrafiltration basement membrane with a layer of a PA ultrafiltration membrane casting solution to prepare the graphene oxide modified PA composite nanofiltration membrane. A large quantity of free carboxyl andhydroxyl exist on the membrane surface, so that the graphene oxide modified PA composite nanofiltration membrane has the characteristics of high hydrophilcity and high throughput; meanwhile, due to the crosslinking reaction between amino graphene oxide and a PA basement membrane, tightness can be improved; the membrane surface is negatively charged, so that desalinization rate can be effectivelyincreased, and throughput and desalinization effect of the nanofiltration membrane are improved; the technical scheme has large-scale industrial application and popularization prospect.

The invention discloses a UiO-66-NH2 composite material as well as a preparation method thereof and an application of the composite material in seawater desalination. The UiO-66-NH2 composite materialcomprises a carrier modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and a UiO-66-NH2 film layer, wherein the UiO-66-NH2 film layer is covalently attached to the carrier. According to the preparation methoddisclosed by the invention, the carrier modified by the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is placed into a UiO-66-NH2 film reaction solution for a reaction to obtain the UiO-66-NH2 composite material; andthe UiO-66-NH2 composite material disclosed by the invention has the simple preparation method and excellent seawater desalination treatment performance, and is suitable for large-scale promotion.

The invention relates to a preparing method of a graphene/carbon nanotube aerogel composite capacitive type desalting electrode, belonging to the field of preparing of capacitive type desalting. The method comprises the steps: ultrasonically mixing a water dispersion liquid of carbon nanotubes and graphite oxide and adding a reducer, wherein the reduced graphene is self-assembled under certain temperature to form graphene/carbon nanotube water hydrogel; freezing and drying the graphene/carbon nanotube water hydrogel, and reducing in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, thus obtaining the graphene/carbon nanotube aerogel composite material. The composite material, conducting carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion are uniformly mixed and then smeared on graphite paper, and the capacitive type desalting electrode can be obtained by drying. According to the preparing method, the phenomenon of stacking or agglomeration among layers of a graphene material and the defect of poor electrical conductivity are overcome, the operation is simple, conditions are easy to control and environment friendliness is realized; the made electrode has rich three-dimensional ducts, good electrical conductivity and excellent desalting performance, and has potential application prospect in the aspect of capacitive type desalting.

The invention relates to a method for fast and efficient improvement greening of coastal saline soil. The method comprises a step 1) of digging a planting trough, a step 2) of laying a horizontal salt drainage system; a step 3) of laying a vertical salt drainage ventilation system; a step 4) of performing soil structure improvement; a step 5) of performing irrigation leaching and a step 6) of performing soil fertility improvement and nursery stock transplanting maintenance. According to the method, the leaching efficiency and a desalting effect of the coastal saline soil are improved. By adoption of the method, horizontal and vertical motion of irrigation leaching water in soil can be improved, irrigation leaching water salt leaching efficiency and drainage and desalting efficiency of the horizontal and vertical salt drainage systems are improved, and the saline soil improvement time is shortened.

The invention discloses a draining and salt-removing method for a newly-ploughed salinized farmland, comprising the following steps of: making a simple farmland concealed pipe by utilizing a building PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) sewer pipe, uniformly drilling holes with the diameter of 3mm on the wall of a 100mm plastic sewer pipe by the punching rate of 75 percent, coating two to three layers of crude chemical fiber outside the wall of the pipe, and strapping with plastic ropes; digging several rows of concealed pipe ditches in the newly-ploughed salinized farmland, wherein the depth of the concealed pipe ditches is 1.5-2.0m, the bottom width is 30cm and the specification of the side slope is 1:0.5; paving plastic weaved cloth with the width of 40cm at the bottoms of the ditches, paving sand gravel with the thickness of 15cm on the plastic weaved cloth, paving a coated concealed pipe, paving and spreading sand gravel with the thickness of 15-20cm at the surrounding and the upper part of the concealed pipe, paving the plastic weaved cloth with the width of 40cm on the sand gravel and refilling. The invention mainly solves the technical problem of draining by the concealed pipe in the newly-ploughed salinized farmland in aired regions and has a wide application value on the aspects of prevention and control of salinization and secondary salinizaiton of farmland in the dried regions, reformation and utilization of the farmland in the dried regions as well as prevention and control of desertification.

The invention discloses a crude oil desalting complex agent and a preparation method thereof. The crude oil desalting complex agent is prepared from the following components: (A) 30-80 percent of a maleic anhydride modified phenol-amine polyether compound, (B) 5-20 percent of a phase-transfer agent, (C) 10-30 percent of organic amine, (D) 2-15 percent of an asphalt colloidal dispersant, and (E) 2-20 percent of an auxiliary. The crude oil desalting complex agent has excellent demulsification desalting and dehydrating performance, and is especially suitable for desalting and dehydrating inferior crude oil with high colloid content and high asphaltene content.

The invention provides a process for treating and recycling ammonia nitrogen wastewater. In the process, the ammonia nitrogen wastewater is treated by an ultrafiltration system. The process has the energy conservation characteristics that: combination is reasonable, investment cost and operation cost are reduced, water resources in the wastewater are efficiently separated by membrane separation technology, the process is performed at normal temperature, phase change is avoided and the like. The wastewater passes through a membrane and then is recycled, ammonium salt in the wastewater is treated at proper time, waste materials are changed into things of value, and external zero emission is realized. The nanofiltered concentrated water flows back to the inlet side of electroosmosis to be treated, so that external wastewater zero emission is realized and the ammonium salt is collected furthest.

The invention relates to a preparation method for an integral polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber electrode for desalination, belonging to the technical field of novel carbon material preparation and water treatment. The method is based on an electrostatic spinning technique. Polyacrylonitrile is electro-spun into a film and then preoxidation, carbonization and activation are conducted. The prepared carbon fiber material has the characteristics of good macro integrity, small fiber diameter, large mass specific capacitance, high desalination capacity and the like. When electro-adsorption treatment is conducted to NaCl solution with initial concentration being 70mg/l under 1.6V direct-current voltage, the adsorption capacity of the carbon fiber electrode reaches 4.64mgNaCl/g and therefore a strong desalination capacity is reflected. The novel carbon fiber electrode can be widely used in fields such as bitter saline water and seawater desalination, water softening, heavy metal ion removal andthe like.

The invention relates to a purified water production process with high recovery rate. The process comprises three steps, namely raw water pretreatment, reverse osmosis filtration and concentrated water reclamation and is characterized by the addition of the concentrated water reclamation, wherein the concentrated water reclamation comprises the following steps of: successively processing water in a concentrated water tank by a concentrated water sand filer, a concentrated water carbon filter, a concentrated water softening apparatus and a concentrated water fine filter and then carrying out reverse osmosis treatment; and returning fresh water subjected to concentrated water reverse osmosis treatment to a raw water tank, and finally discharging sewage. In the process, the concentrated water which is ready to be discharged is recycled again for secondary purification, thereby improving the repeated utilization of the purified water,avoiding the waste of water resource, and enhancing the reusing rate of water reaches to above 85%.

The invention provides an electro-adsorption desalination technical method for continuous desalination work and an implementation device.The technical method and device can be used for seawater desalination or heavy metal treatment.Specifically, technical characteristics of electrodialysis multi-cavity and membrane capacitance deionized application ion-exchange membrane are combined.According to the technical method, by means of cooperative operation of the ion-exchange membrane and electrode material electro-adsorption, water in cavities is purified or condensed independently, and continuous desalination on the basis of a single desalination module is achieved.Produced desalted water and enriched saline water can be collected at the same time.Besides, on the basis of the work principle of the method, the device can further improve desalination handling capacity on the basis of electro-adsorption saturation of electrode materials.

The invention discloses relates to the field of saline land soil improvement and specifically relates to a method for improving saline land soil by desulfurized gypsum and microorganism compounding. The method for improving saline land soil by desulfurized gypsum and microorganism compounding comprises following steps: S1. microorganism selecting; S2. microorganism compounding; S3. soil preliminary processing; S4. microorganism applying; S5. soil reprocessing; S6. microorganism detecting; S7. microorganism replenishing; S8. microorganism re-detecting. According to the provided method for improving saline land soil by desulfurized gypsum and microorganism compounding, after microorganism application, soil nutrients are activated, soil desalination efficiency is increased and crop growth is promoted which provides favorable conditions for desulphurized gypsum improving salinized arable land; after the application of desulphurized gypsum, soil structure is improved and soil pH value is reduced so that the effectiveness of microbial agents is enhanced.

The invention relates to a method for refining and purifying N-acylamino acid or salt thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) adding acid to materials, namely the N-acylamino acid or the salt thereof, acidifying till the pH value is less than 2, heating up till the N-acylamino acid is molten, and stirring till the materials are uniformly dispersed or formed into an emulsified state; (2) cooling the materials obtained from the step (1) till the N-acylamino acid is crystallized or solidified, wherein an emulsion system is demulsified because substances which play surface activity roles become solids, and N-acylamino acid crystals are dispersed in water; (3) heating up to melt the N-acylamino acid crystals, forming an organic phase after aggregation, layering with a water phase, and standing to separate out a water layer. The method disclosed by the invention can be used for solving the problem of poor layering by utilizing a crystal demulsification method and can be used for obviously enhancing the desalting effect by thoroughly layering the water phase and the organic phase; according to the method provided by the invention, the refined N-acylamino acid or the salt thereof is low in salt content and less in impurity.

The invention discloses a calcareous soil salt alkali improver and a preparation method thereof. The improver is prepared from acrylic acid, maleic anhydride and water. The salt alkali improver prepared by the invention can rapidly reduce the pH value of soil, reduce the soil alkalization degree, enhance the soil desalination capacity, improve the soil granular structure, reduce the soil bulk density, enhance the soil permeability, increase the soil calcium fertilizer content, and improve the soil function of moisture and fertility retention; the addition of the improver does not cause secondary pollution to the soil environment; the composition of the improver is simple, the preparation method is convenient, the use is convenient, and the improver is sprayed by adding water, is dripped with water or conducts drip irrigation with water-saving irrigation technique.

The invention relates to a molecular sieve/porous carbon composite electrode material for capacitive adsorption desalination and a preparation method thereof. The mass fraction ratio of a molecular sieve structure material to a porous carbon material is (10-40%):(60-90%). The preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing the porous carbon material and the molecular sieve structure material in deionized water to obtain dispersion liquid, adding an adhesive to obtain a mixed solution, stirring and drying to obtain a composite material, wetting the composite material, and rolling to press the composite material on an inert conductor. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the porous carbon material and the molecular sieve structure compound are doped and compounded to prepare an electrode, and the doped molecular sieve can effectively improve the charge efficiency of a capacitor and improve the desalination performance, so that the molecular sieve/porous carbon composite electrode material has a potential application prospect in the aspect of capacitive desalination, and can be widely used in the fields of desalination of brackish water and sea water, softening of hard water, and the like.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a high-strength pollution-resistant composite reverse osmosis membrane, and the method comprises the following steps: synthesizing aminated carbon nanowires, fixing the nanowires in the reverse osmosis membrane, and by utilizing the high strength of the aminated carbon nanowires and the reactivity of amino groups, forming a double cross-linked layer of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and aminated carbon nanowire trimesoyl chloride (TMC), so the stability and the mechanical strength of a desalting layer are greatly improved, and meanwhile, the flux and the desalting performance of reverse osmosis are also improved due to excellent dispersing performance, rich hydrophilic amino groups and relatively large specific surface area of aminated carbon nanowires. The test result also shows that compared with the existing reverse osmosis membrane, the reverse osmosis membrane prepared by the invention has higher mechanical strength, flux and desalination performance.

The invention discloses a method for separating 2,3-butanediol. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out pretreatment on fermentation broth, so as to obtain clear fermentation broth; (2) adding an inorganic salt and/or an organic acid salt into the clear fermentation broth, carrying out thorough mixing, then, adding a low-polarity organic substance into the clear fermentation broth, carrying out thorough mixing, and then, carrying out standing layering, so as to obtain an upper phase, i.e., a 2,3-butanediol organic solution and a lower phase, i.e., a salt solution; and (3) carrying out electrodialysis desalination treatment on the upper phase, i.e., the 2,3-butanediol organic solution, and collecting a clear solution and concentrated liquor I; and carrying out electrodialysis desalination treatment on the lower phase, i.e., the salt solution by taking the concentrated liquor I as electrodialysis concentrated liquor circulating liquid, collecting and recycling concentrated liquor II, and distilling the clear solution, thereby obtaining the 2,3-butanediol product. According to the method, biomacromolecules such as thallus dissolved protein and lipids can be effectively removed from the fermentation broth so as to form a relatively uniform and pure liquid-phase system, and the implementation of next-step refining manners such as double-aqueous-phase and rectifying is facilitated, so that the method is applicable to large-scale production application.

The invention relates to a production method of an anti-pollution nanofiltration membrane used for water purifying machines. The method comprises the following steps: 1, producing a supporting layer from tubular steel wire meshes; 2, covering the surface of the produced supporting layer with a porous carrier layer; 3, covering the surface of the porous carrier with a nanofiltration membrane layer; and 4, coating the external surface of the nanofiltration membrane layer with a protection layer, reacting the protection layer with the nanofiltration membrane layer through using a PVA-water solution with the concentration of 11-15%, and drying the obtained layers in a vacuum drying box to produce the anti-pollution nanofiltration membrane used for water purifying machines. The production method of the anti-pollution nanofiltration membrane used for water purifying machines allows the nanofiltration membrane to be produced by compounding the supporting layer, the porous carrier layer, the nanofiltration membrane layer and the protection layer, so the method guarantees the nanofiltration efficiency, enhances the structure strength of the nanofiltration layer, prolongs the service life of the nanofiltration layer, prolongs the service time, and reduces the cost.