The invention provides a centrifugal coal water slurry pump, which is a vertical single-stage cantilever type centrifugal pump. The centrifugal coal water slurry pump comprises a pump base, a pump frame, an inlet elbow, a water outlet section, a bearing support, a bearing assembly, a shaft, a driving assembly and an impeller, the inlet elbow is connected with the pump base, the water outlet section is respectively connected with the pump base and the pump frame, the bearing support is connected with the pump frame, the bearing assembly is arranged on the bearing support, the shaft is fixed on the bearing support and the bearing assembly, the driving assembly is used for driving the shaft to rotate, the impeller is arranged on the front end of the shaft, the impeller, which is of a closed structure, comprises a front cover plate, main blades and a back cover plate, the center of the front cover plate is an impeller inlet, the main blades are arranged between the front cover plate and the back cover plate and integrated with the front cover plate and the back cover plate, the main blades are a plurality of long blades and a plurality of short blades, the long blades and the short blades are alternately arranged at intervals, so that impeller flow passages are formed, and at one side of the impeller flow passages, which is close to the impeller inlet, the long blades are longer than the short blades.