The invention provides a hafnium silicate environment barrier coating for a ceramic-based composite material matrix and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing HfO2 and SiO2, carrying out wet mixing and ball milling on a ball mill, drying, grinding, sieving, sintering, and carrying out a high-temperature solid-phase reaction; (2) after the high-temperature solid-phase reaction is finished, adding deionized water for slurry preparation, then performing ball milling, and performing spray granulation to obtain an HfSiO4 powder material; (3) firstly spraying a Si layer on the surface of a ceramic-based composite matrix as a priming coat, and then spraying the HfSiO4 powder material on the surface of the priming coat as a surface layer to form a multi-layer coating; and (4) carrying out a heat treatment on the multi-layer coating to obtain the environmental barrier coating. Due to the added heat treatment, the crystallinity of the HfSiO4 surface layer is improved, the binding force of each layer of the coating is better, the stability is higher, and the water and oxygen resistance of the environment barrier coating is greatly improved. The provided preparation method is simple and easy to control, and is easy for industrial production and application.