The invention discloses an engine crankcase ventilation system which comprises a crankcase, an intake manifold, a high-pressure load air outlet pipeline, a low-pressure load air outlet pipeline, a supercharger and a fault detection valve. The fault detection valve is connected with the high-pressure load air outlet pipeline and the low-pressure load air outlet pipeline. The fault detection valve has an initial state and a fault report state, the fault detection valve is configured to be switched from the initial state to the fault report state when the high-pressure load air outlet pipeline leaks or is disconnected, and the fault detection valve is configured to enable the low-pressure load pipeline to communicate with the external atmosphere in the fault report state. According to the ventilation system of the engine crankcase, the high-pressure load air outlet channel and the low-pressure load air outlet channel are associated through the fault detection valve, and the overall structure is simple, so that the diagnosis precision is improved, the diagnosis range is expanded, the reliability is improved, the structure is simple, the arrangement space requirement is reduced, and the cost is low.