The invention discloses a high-temperature and high-pressure steam pipeline elbow hardness measuring point positioning detection device, and belongs to the technical field of pipeline elbow hardness detection. The device comprises a first sliding rail, a second sliding rail and a pipeline elbow, and the side, away from the pipeline elbow, of the first sliding rail is provided with a T-shaped sliding groove; and a first sliding groove is formed in the side, away from the first sliding rail, of the second sliding rail. The positions of the first sliding rail and the second sliding rail are adjusted, then the position of a sliding mechanism is adjusted and positioned, the hardness detection point can be accurately positioned, due to the fact that the detection positions are the same every time after accurate positioning, the hardness value detected every time has traceability, the detection value can be compared with a previous detection value, therefore, the hardness value of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam pipeline elbow can be supervised for a long time, so that the change condition of the hardness value of the elbow is known, and the operation condition is mastered.