The invention provides a magnetic layered double hydroxide-metal organic framework composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of composite materials. The structure of the magnetic layered double hydroxide-metal organic framework composite material is Fe3O4@ZnAl-LDH/ZIF-8. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing Fe3O4@ZnAl-LDH by adopting a coprecipitation method, and generating ZIF in situ on the surface of Fe3O4@ZnAlLDH by adopting a solvothermal method to prepare the Fe3O4@ZnAl-LDH/ZIF-8 composite material. The magnetic layered double hydroxide metal-organic framework composite material is applied to the field of micro-extraction, so rapid magnetic separation can be achieved, the magnetic layered double hydroxide metal-organic framework composite material can be recycled, extraction time is shortened, and experiment cost is reduced. Meanwhile, through hybrid ZIF-8, the specific surface area of ZnAl-LDH is increased, and the extraction efficiency of ZnAl-LDH on a target compound is greatly improved. The composite material can sensitively, simply, conveniently and quickly detect target components, can meet analysis requirements on EDCs in milk samples, and also shows good application potential in the aspect of trace organic pollutant analysis and determination.