The invention discloses a tailing dust processing device for rice processing, comprising an electric cabinet, a bran discharging pipe, a collecting pipe, a collecting tank and a negative pressure pump; one end of the bran discharging pipe is connected with a bran outlet of a rice husking machine or a polishing machine, the other end of the bran discharging pipe is connected with the top end of thenegative pressure pump, the bottom end of the negative pressure pump is connected with the collecting pipe, the tail end of the collecting pipe is connected with the collecting tank, the collecting tank is of a cuboid structure, the top of the inner wall of the collecting tank is mounted with an atomizer, the front surface of the collecting tank is provided with a discharging hole and an observing hole, the negative pressure pump and the atomizer are both electrically connected with the electric cabinet. The invention further provides a tailing dust processing device for rice processing, wherein rice bran and dust generated through rice processing are collected into the collecting tank by the negative pressure pump and the collecting pipe, atomized water and fallen rice bran and dust arecombined through the atomizer, the rice bran and dust are quickly deposited, then are packaged and transported out of a workshop. The tailing dust processing device and method for rice processing aresimple in structure, convenient to operate, and can effectively reduce dust floating in the rice processing workshop; the rice bran and dust can be fully utilized for livestock breeding and farmland fertilization.