The invention relates to a device for processing makrolon plastic boards and a cutting and polishing processing method for the boards. The device comprises installing racks, fixing devices, a cuttingdevice and a polishing device, the fixing devices, the cutting device and the polishing device are sequentially installed in the middles of the installing racks from front to back, each installing rack comprises a base, a supporting frame and an upper cover plate, the supporting frames are installed on the upper end faces of the bases, the upper cover plates are installed on the upper end faces ofthe supporting frames, and the installing racks are used for installing the fixing devices, the cutting device and the polishing device, and are used as working platforms where the makrolon plastic boards are cut and polished. With the device, the problems can be solved that during cutting, the cutting lines of the boards can not be aligned with a cutter, the makrolon plastic boards are fixed with difficulty, the time for polishing each face is long, working efficiency is low, and the position of a polishing disc can not be adjusted. The function of integrating cutting and polishing of the makrolon plastic boards can be realized, and the device has the advantages that the makrolon plastic boards are convenient to fix, the cutter can be aligned with the cutting lines of the boards, the makrolon plastic boards are polished rapidly, the polishing disc is convenient to adjust, and polishing efficiency is high.