298results about How to "Solve the lack of density" patented technology

A laser-based system for processing target material within a microscopic region without causing undesirable changes in electrical or physical characteristics of at least one material surrounding the target material, the system includes a seed laser, an optical amplifier, and a beam delivery system. The seed laser for generating a sequence of laser pulses having a first pre-determined wavelength. The optical amplifier for amplifying at least a portion of the sequence of pulses to obtain an amplified sequence of output pulses. The beam delivery system for delivering and focusing at least one pulse of the amplified sequence of pulses onto the target material. The at least one output pulse having a pulse duration in the range of about 10 picoseconds to less than 1 nanosecond. The pulse duration being within a thermal processing range. The at least one focused output pulse having sufficient power density at a location within the target material to reduce the reflectivity of the target material and efficiently couple the focused output into the target material to remove the target material.

This invention comprises an improved electroporation electrode system comprising a single needle and a ring or donut shaped electrode wherein the difference in surface area of the electrodes provide for a substantial reduction of current density near the surface of the treated tissue and a more concentrated current density sufficient for electroporation only in tissues adjacent to the terminal portion of the single needle electrode. Thus, this invention provides for targeting specific tissue for electroporation and also should provide for lessening the sensation of electric current in the treated tissue.

The energy content of supercapacitor is determined by its capacitance value and working voltage. To attain a high capacitance and a high voltage, several pieces of electrodes and separators are spirally wound with edge sealing to form a bipolar supercapacitor in cylindrical, oval or square configuration. While the winding operation effectively provides a large surface area for high capacitance, the bipolar packaging instantly imparts a unitary roll a minimum working voltage of 5V on using an organic electrolyte. The bipolar roll is a powerful building block for facilitating the assembly of supercapacitor modules. Using containers with multiple compartments, as many bipolar rolls can be connected in series, in parallel or in a combination of the two connections to fabricate integrated supercapacitors with high energy density as required by applications.

Systems and methods are described for forming continuous laser filaments in transparent materials. A burst of ultrafast laser pulses is focused such that a beam waist is formed external to the material being processed without forming an external plasma channel, while a sufficient energy density is formed within an extended region within the material to support the formation of a continuous filament, without causing optical breakdown within the material. Filaments formed according to this method may exhibit lengths exceeding 10 mm. In some embodiments, an aberrated optical focusing element is employed to produce an external beam waist while producing distributed focusing of the incident beam within the material. Various systems are described that facilitate the formation of filament arrays within transparent substrates for cleaving / singulation and / or marking. Optical monitoring of the filaments may be employed to provide feedback to facilitate active control of the process.

The present invention relates to viscosified treatment fluids used in industrial and oil field operations, and more particularly, to brine-based viscosified treatment fluids comprising xanthan gelling agents, and their use in industrial and oil field operations. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating a portion of a subterranean formation comprising the steps of: providing a viscosified treatment fluid that comprises a brine and a gelling agent that comprises a clarified xanthan; and treating the portion of the subterranean formation. The present invention also provides methods of fracturing, gravel packing, and making viscosified treatments fluids. Also provided are viscosified treatment fluid compositions, and gelling agent compositions.

A gas diffusion electrode for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is prepared by electrodeposition of a catalytic metal in nanocrystalline form on a substrate by contacting an electrically conductive substrate and a counterelectrode with a plating bath containing ions of a metal to be deposited on the substrate and passing a pulsed electric current between the substrate and counterelectrode having pulses that are cathodic with respect to the substrate and have a short on-time and / or a short duty cycle with a frequency from about 10 hertz to about 5000 hertz. In a preferred embodiment the electric current is a modulated reversing electric current having pulses that are cathodic with respect to the substrate and pulses that are anodic with respect to the substrate, the cathodic pulses having a short on-time and / or short duty cycle, the charge transfer ratio of the cathodic pulses to the anodic pulses being greater than one, and the frequency of the pulses ranging from about 10 hertz to about 5 kilohertz.

An apparatus and method for recording an image on the surface of a 3D object uses a laser projector that scans a light beam over the surface in an image pattern. The projector operates in a template imaging mode and an image recording mode where the beam scans at a speed that in a single pass / scan mode is typically four to five orders of magnitude slower than in the template imaging mode. A layer of a photosensitive material is applied to the surface of the object either partially or fully. Projection in the template imaging mode can guide the applying. The layer is substantially insensitive to ambient light for at least a period of time necessary to perform a desired processing step on the object. The layer has a maximum spectral sensitivity in the vicinity of the wavelength of the laser light beam. In one or multiple passes of the beam over the image pattern operating in the image record mode, the accumulated light energy dose density is sufficient to react the material and record the image.

A toner for developing an electrostatic image, includes: a colorant; and a binder resin. The toner has a particle including at least one pore having a diameter of 10 nm or over, and a porosity thereof is in a range from 0.01 to 0.60.

An apparatus and method for recording an image on the surface of a 3D object uses a laser projector that scans a light beam over the surface in an image pattern. The projector operates in a template imaging mode and an image recording mode where the beam scans at a speed that in a single pass / scan mode is typically four to five orders of magnitude slower than in the template imaging mode. A layer of a photosensitive material is applied to the surface of the object either partially or fully. Projection in the template imaging mode can guide the applying. The layer is substantially insensitive to ambient light for at least a period of time necessary to perform a desired processing step on the object. The layer has a maximum spectral sensitivity in the vicinity of the wavelength of the laser light beam. In one or multiple passes of the beam over the image pattern operating in the image record mode, the accumulated light energy dose density is sufficient to react the material and record the image.

A local user obtains data on the response of internal tissues of a subject to a non-invasive imaging system, choosing sensor positions according to a geometric display. The data obtained are evaluated with respect to predefined quantitative values. The process of obtaining and processing the internal tissue response data is repeated until an image meeting predetermined image quality characteristics is obtained. Specific or general content of the image may be restricted by the local processor, with a distal processor receiving the obtained image data, so as to limit specific or general types of image information from being viewed by the local user, such as image data that can be used to identify the sex of a fetus within the subject.

The present invention provides a shoe cover to adaptively fit over a shoe. The show cover has a sole, which includes at least two rigid bands of rigid material, disposed on the bottom of the sole and arranged in spaced relation to each other on opposite sides of a longitudinal axis of the sole, thereby rigidifying the sole. The sole also has an elastic band of the flexible material, spanning longitudinally between the two rigid bands from the front to the rear of the sole, thereby enabling lateral flexibility to adapt to a shoe. The present invention also provides a rigid L-shaped element, each including a first portion on the ground side, a second portion on the side wall, and a fulcrum joining them, to clamp an inserted shoe. A double injection method for producing the above is also provided.

A combined RF-DC magnetron sputtering method stops the production of tracking arcs and promotes the consistent manufacture of thin films during the manufacture of thin films by such RF-DC magnetron sputtering. Magnets 121, 122 are placed behind the target 111. RF and DC power are simultaneously supplied to the target to produce a plasma, and sputtering is used to manufacture a thin film on a substrate 106 facing the target. The supply of RF and DC power to the target is simultaneously and periodically stopped. The time that the power is supplied is shorter than the time needed to produce tracking arcs. The RF and DC power is both supplied and stopped simultaneously, and RF and DC power is intermittently supplied to the target.

A reinforced undergarment at least including underpants and, in certain embodiments, a pair of hose or stockings permanently or removably secured to the underpants so as to define a pair of pantyhose, wherein the undergarment, and particularly the underpants are formed from a flexible material including a plurality of interconnected portions disposed and configured to overly predetermined areas of the wearer's body so as to exert a supporting and / or retaining force thereon and thereby shape the wearer's body, or at least certain portions thereof, into a desired configuration. The interconnected portions of the undergarment are at least partially formed from an elastic material of varying densities such that different support and / or retaining force are exerted on predetermined portions of the wearer's body. The underpants include at least a first support portion and a second support portion, wherein the first support portion is disposed beneath the buttocks of the wearer and has a sufficient density to exert an uplifting force thereon. The second support portion includes a reinforced panel of predetermined density disposed in overlying, retaining relation to the wearer's abdomen so as to exert an inwardly directed, retaining force thereon. The various embodiments of the undergarment may include additional support portions disposed in overlying, retaining relation to other predetermined portions of the wearer's body.

The present invention relates to electrosurgical probes suitable for tissue vaporization and cutting of tissue structures, more particularly for performing electrosurgical cutting, ablation (volumetric tissue vaporization), coagulating and / or modification within a body tissue, cavity or vessel or on the surface of a patient. The system and method of the present invention optionally include structure for irrigation and / or aspiration of the surgical site and therefore may be used in relatively dry environments such as in the context of oral, otolaryngological, laparoscopic, and dermatologic procedures.

A magnetic carrier is provided which uses a toner having high coloring power and enables development to be performed at low electric field intensity and can form high quality images while keeping gradation characteristics. The magnetic carrier includes magnetic carrier particles including at least porous magnetic core particles and a resin. The electric field intensity just before the break-down of the magnetic carrier is 1,300 V / cm or more and 5,000 V / cm or less.

Systems and methods are described for forming continuous laser filaments in transparent materials. A burst of ultrafast laser pulses is focused such that a beam waist is formed external to the material being processed without forming an external plasma channel, while a sufficient energy density is formed within an extended region within the material to support the formation of a continuous filament, without causing optical breakdown within the material. Filaments formed according to this method may exhibit lengths exceeding up to 10 mm. In some embodiments, an aberrated optical focusing element is employed to produce an external beam waist while producing distributed focusing of the incident beam within the material. Various systems are described that facilitate the formation of filament arrays within transparent substrates for cleaving / singulation and / or marking. Optical monitoring of the filaments may be employed to provide feedback to facilitate active control of the process.

Disclosed are methods and compositions useful in the treatment, augmentation and / or repair of soft and / or hard tissues of animals, and in particular, vertebrates such as humans. The invention provides hydrogel compositions for use in the preparation of medicaments for wound healing, cartilage and meniscus repair, dermal augmentation, and bone fusion, as well as methods for the treatment of intervertebral disc impairment. In particular embodiments, the invention provides compositions useful in restoring hydrodynamic function, increasing intervertebral disc height, and improving proliferation and survival of chondrocytes and other cells in intervertebral discs that have been compromised by injury, degenerative disease, congenital abnormalities, and / or the aging process.

A reinforced undergarment at least including underpants and, in certain embodiments, a pair of hose or stockings permanently or removably secured to the underpants so as to define a pair of pantyhose, wherein the undergarment, and particularly the underpants are formed from a flexible material including a plurality of interconnected portions disposed and configured to overly predetermined areas of the wearer's body so as to exert a supporting and / or retaining force thereon and thereby shape the wearer's body, or at least certain portions thereof, into a desired configuration. The interconnected portions of the undergarment are at least partially formed from an elastic material of varying densities such that different support and / or retaining force are exerted on predetermined portions of the wearer's body. The underpants include at least a first support portion and a second support portion, wherein the first support portion is disposed beneath the buttocks of the wearer and has a sufficient density to exert an uplifting force thereon. The second support portion includes a reinforced panel of predetermined density disposed in overlying, retaining relation to the wearer's abdomen so as to exert an inwardly directed, retaining force thereon. The various embodiments of the undergarment may include additional support portions disposed in overlying, retaining relation to other predetermined portions of the wearer's body.

In an image processor which converts color image data to image data of cyan, magenta, yellow and black necessary for forming an image, a black character edge is discriminated in R, G, B image data. The edge component in a black character area is deleted by narrowing on image data of cyan, magenta and yellow. Further, in a black character area, K data is replaced with maximum density data in the R, G, B data, and edge emphasis is performed on the substituted data. Then, reproducibility of a thin line portion in a character is improved largely.

A method of tufting novel loop pile carpets is provided to allow the use of four or more colors of yarn at sufficient stitch density to provide for a solid appearance of any of the selected colors at any location on the carpet.

Multilayer substrates for the growth and / or support of CNT arrays are provided. These multilayer substrates both promote the growth of dense vertically aligned CNT arrays and provide excellent adhesion between the CNTs and metal surfaces. Carbon nanotube arrays formed using multilayer substrates, which exhibit high thermal conductivity and excellent durability, are also provided. These arrays can be used as thermal interface materials.

A correction ink of the present invention is used for correcting a micro defect in a color pattern, which comprises a coloring agent, polymer, monomer having reactivity functional group and a solvent, wherein an amount of the solvent is from 25% by weight to 70% by weight of the whole ink, and a viscosity is from 40 to 300 mPa.sec.

A structure comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; a shielding electrode provides improved energy conditioning when used in electrical circuits. The structures may exist as discrete components, as part of an interposer or a first level interconnects, or a part of an integrated circuit.

Provided herein is an aqueous ink, which is excellent in both image density and fixing ability irrespective of the kind of a recording medium even when the volume of an ink droplet is small and has such excellent properties that white stripes are not caused even when high-speed recording is conducted. The aqueous ink comprises at least water, a water-soluble organic solvent, a water-insoluble coloring material, a surfactant and a poor medium for the water-insoluble coloring material and / or a salt. The dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink at a lifetime of 50 milliseconds determined by a maximum bubble pressure method is higher than 47 mN / m, and the dynamic surface tension at a lifetime of 5,000 milliseconds determined by the maximum bubble pressure method is 38 mN / m or lower.

A process is provided using non-food or limited-feed agricultural residue and energy crops for energy production, such as ethanol or electricity generation. The agricultural plant material is harvested and baled. The bales are transported to the processing site for storage or immediate processing. The bale strings are first removed, and then the broken bales are shredded. The shredded plant material is then ground to a small size. The ground material is then pelletized to produce densified pellets of the agricultural plant material. The pellets are cooled and then stored or transported to an end user.

A technique is provided for forming a crystalline semiconductor film whose orientation is uniform by control of crystal orientation and obtaining a crystalline semiconductor film in which concentration of an impurity is reduced. A configuration of the invention is that a first semiconductor region is formed on a substrate having transparent characteristics of a visible light region, a barrier film is formed over the first semiconductor region, a heat retaining film covering a top and side surfaces of the first semiconductor region is formed over the barrier film, the first semiconductor region is crystallized by scanning a continuous wave laser beam from one edge of the first semiconductor region to the other through the substrate, then the heat retaining film and the barrier film are removed and a second semiconductor region is formed as an active layer of TFT by etching the crystallized first semiconductor region. A pattern of the second semiconductor region formed by etching is formed in a manner that a scanning direction of the laser beam and a channel length direction of the TFT are arranged in almost the same direction in order to smooth drift of carriers.

Systems and methods are described for forming continuous laser filaments in transparent materials. A burst of ultrafast laser pulses is focused such that a beam waist is formed external to the material being processed without forming an external plasma channel, while a sufficient energy density is formed within an extended region within the material to support the formation of a continuous filament, without causing optical breakdown within the material. Filaments formed according to this method may exhibit lengths exceeding 10 mm. In some embodiments, an aberrated optical focusing element is employed to produce an external beam waist while producing distributed focusing of the incident beam within the material. Various systems are described that facilitate the formation of filament arrays within transparent substrates for cleaving / singulation and / or marking. Optical monitoring of the filaments may be employed to provide feedback to facilitate active control of the process.

A semiconductor device including a substrate, a P-MOS single crystal TFT formed on the substrate, and an N-MOS single crystal TFT formed on the P-MOS single crystal TFT. The source region of the P-MOS single crystal TFT and the source region of the N-MOS single crystal TFT may be connected to each other. The P-MOS single crystal TFT and the N-MOS single crystal TFT may share a common gate. Also, the P-MOS single crystal TFT may include a single crystal silicon layer with a crystal plane of (100) and a crystal direction of <100>. The N-MOS single crystal TFT may include a single crystal silicon layer having the same crystal direction as the single crystal silicon layer of the P-MOS single crystal TFT and having a tensile stress greater than the single crystal silicon layer of the P-MOS single crystal TFT.