The invention provides a sodium alginate polymer which is generated by carrying out a polymerization reaction, which is initiated by free radicals, to sodium alginate with a monomer which contains anunsaturated double bond and an anionic group, and optionally, a crosslinking agent being poly-functionality water-soluble acrylate or acrylamide. Compared with a sodium alginate microsphere embolic agent on market, the sodium alginate polymer, being a carrier, can adsorb and carry a drug in vitro through ions, wherein the sodium alginate polymer is high in drug carrying capacity and can slowly release the drug in vivo, thus increasing local medicine concentration, prolonging action time of the drug, reducing systemic toxicity of the drug and further improving curative effect of the chemotherapy of the embolism. The invention also provides a novel sodium alginate blood vessel embolism chemotherapy composition, in which the sodium alginate polymer, as the embolic agent and medicine, can be co-delivered to a target blood vessel via a catheter, so that the curative effect of the chemotherapy medicine is fully achieved. The product is free of damage on surrounding normal tissue and can reduce relapse of the diseases.