The invention relates to a method for preparing and comprehensively utilizing aluminum oxide by pelletizing, chloridizing and electrolyzing bauxite. The method comprises the following steps: mixing bauxite, a carbon source and kaolin at a ratio; adding a binder and water, pelletizing and airing; chloridizing, separating and purifying, thereby obtaining anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous ferric chloride, silicon tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride, scandium chloride and gallium trichloride; converting anhydrous aluminum chloride and anhydrous ferric chloride into a corresponding chloride solution; controlling voltage and current density to electrolyze, thereby obtaining aluminum hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, hydrogen and chlorine; returning the chlorine to a chloridizing section; roasting aluminum hydroxide, thereby obtaining metallurgical/chemical aluminum oxide; roasting ferric hydroxide, thereby obtaining iron oxide red or other iron-containing products; purifying silicon tetrachloride; refining titanium tetrachloride, thereby obtaining a titanium sponge raw material; and enriching scandium chloride to serve as a scandium raw material. The method provided by the invention is low in cost, the raw materials are low-cost and are easily obtained, the complete chlorination is realized through pelletizing and chloridizing, the operation process is simple, the degree of automation is high, the product purity is high, and the raw materials, such as, chlorine and zinc, can be reused.