The invention discloses an extraction and purification method for a fresh fagaceae plant sample and a fagaceae plant specimen. According to the extraction method, before nuclear lysis, a special rinsing solution containing ascorbic acid, Triton-X 100 and the like is added, so that not only can impurities such as polysaccharide and polyphenol be effectively removed to make obtained DNAs not viscousany longer, but also pigment pollution can be effectively removed to endow the extracted DNAs with high purity and high yield; compared with the step sequence of removing the impurities after the nuclear lysis, the step sequence adopted by the extraction method provided by the invention has the advantages of a better effect, and the extraction method is applicable to a later molecular experiment;according to the purification method, a self-prepared silica gel adsorption solution prepared from silica gel powder is used, and according to the purification method, the DNAs can be effectively purified, the high-purity DNAs can be obtained, and downstream PCR and enzyme digestion experiments can be met. According to the extraction and purification method, difficulties of the conventional CTABmethod and the conventional kit in fagaceae plant extraction are overcome; the extraction and purification method can be used for extracting DNAs of fresh fagaceae leaves, dry silica gel samples and dried plant specimens with relatively long preservation time and is applied to high-throughput sequencing.