The invention discloses traditional Chinese medicine decoction for preventing and treating presenile dementia. The traditional Chinese medicine decoction is prepared from the following traditional Chinese medicinal materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of prepared rehmannia root, 15 parts of rhizome of acorus calamus, 10 parts of radix polygoni multiflori, 25 parts of the root of red-rooted salvia, 10 parts of szechuan lovage rhizome, 12 parts of dried mature seeds of corylus avellana, 18 parts of dried mature fruit of citrullus colocynthis, 8 parts of forest frog's oviduct, 15 parts of Mongolian snakegourd root, 8 parts of Chinese thorowax root, 8 parts of oyster, 18 parts of fructus chebulae immaturus, 12 parts of all-grass of digitaria sanguinalis, 8 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 12 parts of mature coconut fruit, 5 parts of tobacco, 5 parts of sapium baccatum, 6 parts of seeds and roots of wild sword bean and 6 parts of aizoon stonecrop herb. Clinical experiment results show that the remarkable efficacy of preventing and treating presenile dementia is realized by selecting proper medicinal materials according to the ratio, and high safety and no toxic or side effects are realized.