The invention discloses a laser processing system and method. The laser processing system comprises a laser machine, an optical system, a sensor, a processor and a controller, wherein the laser machine is used for providing laser needed for processing, the optical system is arranged above a workpiece table and is used for adjusting the size of a laser spot, and projecting the adjusted laser spot onto the workpiece table, the sensor is arranged above the workpiece table and is used for collecting parameter information of workpiece material, the processor is connected with the sensor and is used for receiving and processing the parameter information acquired by the sensor to obtain the size of the laser spot needed by the workpiece material, and the controller is connected with the processor and is used for receiving the information of the processor to control the optical system. According to the laser processing system, the parameter information of the workpiece material is collected in real time through the sensor, the required size of the laser spot is calculated through the processor, the laser pulse energy density is adjusted in real time by adopting the controller to control the optical system to change the size of the laser spot, so that the real-time performance is good, and the cutting efficiency is high; and in the cutting process, the laser machine outputs lasers at the rated laser power all the time, and the utilization rate of laser energy is improved.