154results about "Preparation by carbon oxide reduction" patented technology

A method and apparatus for synthesizing ethanol using synthetic routes via synthesis gas are disclosed. A method and apparatus for gasifying biomass, such as biomass, in a steam gasifier that employs a fluidized bed and heating using hot flue gases from the combustion of synthesis gas is described. Methods and apparatus for converting synthesis gas into ethanol are also disclosed, using stepwise catalytic reactions to convert the carbon monoxide and hydrogen into ethanol using catalysts including iridium acetate.

Integrated processes of preparing industrial chemicals starting from seed oil feedstock compositions containing one or more unsaturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acid esters, which are essentially free of metathesis catalyst poisons, particularly hydroperoxides; metathesis of the feedstock composition with a lower olefin, such as ethylene, to form a reduced chain olefin, preferably, a reduced chain α-olefin, and a reduced chain unsaturated acid or ester, preferably, a reduced chain α,Ω-unsaturated acid or ester. The reduced chain unsaturated acid or ester may be (trans)esterified to form a polyester polyolefin, which may be epoxidized to form a polyester polyepoxide. The reduced chain unsaturated acid or ester may be hydroformylated with reduction to produce an α,Ω-hydroxy acid or α,Ω-hydroxy ester, which may be (trans)esterified with a polyol to form an α,Ωpolyester polyol. Alternatively, the reduced chain unsaturated acid or ester may be hydroformylated with reductive amination to produce an α,Ω-amino acid or α,Ω-amino ester, which may be (trans)esterified to form an α,Ωpolyester polyamine.

There is provided an alcohol composition obtained by dimerizing an olefin feed comprising C6-C10 linear olefins to obtain C12-C20 olefins, followed by conversion to alcohols, such as by hydroformylation. The composition has an average number of branches ranging from 0.9 to 2.0 per molecule. The linear olefin feed preferably comprises at least 85% of C6-C8-olefins. The primary alcohol compositions are then converted to anionic or nonionic surfactants, preferably sulfated or oxyalkylated or both. The sulfated compositions are biodegradable and possess good cold water detergency. The process for making the dimerized primary alcohol comprises dimerizing, in the presence of a homogeneous dimerization catalyst under dimerization conditions, an olefin feed comprising C6-C10 olefins and preferably at least 85 weight % of linear olefins based on the weight of the olefin feed, to obtain a C12-C20; optionally double bond isomerizing said C12-C20 olefins; and converting the C12-C20 olefins to alcohols, preferably through hydroformylation. The process is preferably a one-step dimerization. The homogenous catalyst comprises a mixture of a nickel carboxylate or a nickel chelate, with an alkyl aluminum halide or an alkyl aluminum alkoxide.

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes.

An aldehyde composition derived by hydroformylation of a transesterified seed oil and containing a mixture of formyl-substituted fatty acids or fatty acid esters having the following composition by weight: greater than about 10 to less than about 95 percent monoformyl, greater than about 1 to less than about 65 percent diformyl, and greater than about 0.1 to less than about 10 percent triformyl-substituted fatty acids or fatty acid esters, and having a diformyl to triformyl weight ratio of greater than about 5/1; preferably, greater than about 3 to less than about 20 percent saturates; and preferably, greater than about 1 to less than about 20 percent unsaturates. An alcohol composition derived by hydrogenation of the aforementioned aldehyde composition, containing a mixture of hydroxymethyl-substituted fatty acids or fatty acid esters having the following composition by weight: greater than about 10 to less than about 95 percent monoalcohol {mono(hydroxymethyl)}, greater than about 1 to less than about 65 percent diol {di(hydroxymethyl)}, greater than about 0.1 to less than about 10 percent triol, tri(hydroxmethyl)-substituted fatty acids or fatty acid esters; preferably greater than about 3 to less than about 35 percent saturates; and preferably, less than about 10 percent unsaturates. The alcohol composition can be converted into an oligomeric polyol for use in the manufacture of polyurethane slab stock flexible foams.

The present invention relates to a method for treprostinil diethanolamine synthesis. The present invention also relates to a novel intermediate used in the method for treprostinil diethanolamine synthesis. The novel intermediate is shown in the following formula (II):

wherein R1 and R2 are described in the description.

The invention discloses a process for co-production of liquefied synthesis gas, pure hydrogen and methanol from coke-oven gas. The process comprises the steps of: (a) firstly, purifying and compressing the coke-oven gas, then enabling the gas after being subjected to the heat exchange of a heat exchange device to enter into a methanol synthesis tower for a methanol synthesis catalytic reaction, exchanging heat of discharged gas by a heat exchanger, and enabling the gas after being cooled by a cooler to enter into a methanol separator so as to obtain crude methanol; and (b) preparing refined methanol, enabling the gas to enter into a methanol washing machine, washing away trace methanol in the gas with water, enabling partial gas after being compressed by a circular compressor to turn back to the heat exchanger for methanol synthesis and enabling other gas to enter into a heat exchanger for methanation, enabling the gas to enter into a pre-heater after heat energy is recycled, adding a small amount of aqueous vapor in the pre-heater and then enabling the gas to enter into a methanation reaction furnace. According to the process disclosed by the invention, content of oxycarbide in the gas is reduced and the methanol product is obtained through resource recycling, residual small amount of oxycarbide is removed thoroughly and hydrogen resource with high value is recycled, and the obtained liquefied natural gas is convenient to transport.

The invention discloses a carbon dioxide reduction method which comprises the following steps: by using carbon dioxide as a raw material and a NaOH, Na2CO3 or Na2SO3 water solution with a certain concentration as a reaction solution and adding 0.2-5.0 g/L composite photocatalyst of oxide of Ti, Bi, W, V, Mo or Y, putting in an internal irradiation, external irradiation, suspension or liquid-film photocatalytic reactor, and introducing carbon dioxide at 10-60 mL/minute to carry out photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction at normal temperature for 0.5-5 hours by using a mercury lamp, xenon lamp or sunlight as a light source, thereby obtaining formic acid, methanol, methane and other carbon dioxide reduction products. The method has the advantages of simple technique and green reaction process, can catalytically convert the carbon dioxide into useful chemical products, and thus, has favorable economic benefit and environmental benefit.

The invention provides a microchannel plate with a fractal structure, a photocatalytic reactor and an application thereof. The microchannel plate with the fractal structure comprises a first surface and a second surface which are opposite; the first surface and the second surface of the microchannel plate with the fractal structure each is provided with a main pipeline microchannel and multistage H-shaped fractal bifurcated microchannels which are connected with one end of the corresponding main pipeline microchannel, and the H-shaped fractal bifurcated microchannels of the first surface of the microchannel plate with the fractal structure communicate with those of the second surface of the microchannel plate with the fractal structure through connecting through holes. According to the microchannel plate with the fractal structure, the photocatalytic reactor and the application thereof, through forming fractal-structured microchannels in the upper and lower surfaces of the microchannel plate with the fractal structure, three phases, i.e., gas, liquid and solid phases can be effectively distributed, heat transfer and mass transfer are strengthened, the problem in collection of reactants of fractal distribution can be effectively solved, meanwhile, the length of the microchannels can be increased, and the control on reaction flux and reactant residence time is better facilitated.

The invention discloses a method of reducing CO2 to prepare methanoic acid, methanol and methane under hydrothermal conditions by using metal, and relates to the method of transforming pure CO2 gas or CO2 in waste gas into industrial material that is the methanoic acid, the methanol and the methane. The pure CO2 or CO2 in waste gas, water as well as reducer, and a catalyst are put in a hydrothermal reactor; the CO2 is performed through hydrothermal reduction to obtain the methanoic acid, the methanol and the methane under the conditions that the addition quantity of the reducer is 1 to 25 times (by molar ratio) the content of the CO2 which is put in the reaction equipment, the addition quantity of the catalyst is 0 to 10 times (by molar ratio) the quantity of the reducer, the reaction temperature ranges from 200 DEG C to 245 DEG C, the reaction pressure ranges from 5MPa to 25MPa, the pH value ranges from 8 to 14, and the reaction time ranges from 10 minutes to 12 hours. A gaseous phase products that is the methane can be collected through gas-liquid separation, and the methanoic acid and the methanol mixed solution is separated and purified at the same time. The method efficiently transforms the CO2 into organic matters with high additional value in a low consumption way, the CO2 is changed into resource, the technology is simple without the secondary pollution, and worthful economic and social benefits are realized.

The invention discloses a system for reducing carbon dioxide through an inorganic semiconductor photocatalysis system, and a reduction method thereof. The system for reducing carbon dioxide through the inorganic semiconductor photocatalysis system comprises an inorganic semiconductor photocatalyst, a solvent, an electron sacrificing body and an illuminator. The method for reducing carbon dioxide by using the system comprises the following steps: 1, adding the inorganic semiconductor photocatalyst to a photoreactor, carrying out aggregating precipitation by using an acid or a solvent greatly different from a semiconductor raw solution in polarities, centrifuging the obtained solution, and dispersing the obtained precipitate by using a solvent to obtain a catalyst solution; 2, adding the electron sacrificing body to the catalyst solution to obtain a mixed solution; 3, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 2.0-14.0 in order to obtain a reaction solution; 4, introducing carbon dioxide to the reaction solution, and sealing the reaction solution and 5, irradiating the final mixed solution with a light source to carry out a reduction reaction. The system disclosed in the invention has the advantages of simple com position, simplicity in operation, low price, easy obtaining, and high visible light utilization rate.

A catalyst composition comprising a support having a surface area of at least 500 m²/kg, and deposited on the support:

silver metal,

a metal or component comprising rhenium, tungsten, molybdenum or a nitrate- or nitrite-forming compound, and

a Group IA metal or component comprising a Group IA metal having an atomic number of at least 37, and in addition potassium, wherein the value of the expression (Q_K/R)+Q_HIA is in the range of from 1.5 to 30 mmole/kg, wherein Q_HIA and Q_K represent the quantities in mmole/kg of the Group IA metal having an atomic number of at least 37 and potassium, respectively, present in the catalyst composition, the ratio of Q_HIA to Q_K is at least 1:1, the value of Q_K is at least 0.01 mmole/kg, and R is a dimensionless number in the range of from 1.5 to 5, the units mmole/kg being relative to the weight of the catalyst composition.

Nonaqueous ionic ligand liquids of the formula (Q(+))a Aa-, where Q(+) is a singly charged quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium cation or the equivalent of a multiply charged ammonium and/or phosphonium cation and Aa- is a sulfonated triarylphosphine, a process for preparing them and their use as catalyst constituents.

Production of methanol from a stream of crude glycerol. The crude glycerol is preferably a side product (waste product) that results from the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats. The crude glycerol stream is combined with superheated steam and oxygen to produce a synthesis gas that is then passed to a methanol synthesis reaction zone to produce methanol.