The invention discloses a control system and a control method for a coaxial cable production line. The system comprises a control panel, a display device, a special controller, a copper wire feeding machine, a cleaning machine, a heater, a shaping die, an insulation layer coating machine, a foaming machine, a polyester feeding machine, an aluminum foil coating machine, an aluminum foil feeding machine, a first image identifier, a high-speed weaving machine, an aluminum line feeding machine, a winding degree sensor, a pitch sensor, a protecting sleeve machine, a polyvinyl chloride feeding machine, a second image identifier and a wire winding machine. The system has the advantages that each production equipment of the production line is uniformly controlled by the special controller, and the automation level of the production line is improved; by additionally arranging the image identifier, the winding degree sensor and the pitch sensor, the production process can be monitored in real time, and the qualified rate of products is improved.