A piezoelectric energy collecting system comprises a piezoelectric cantilever beam, piezoelectric pieces, a first vibration frequency sensor, a micro capacitor, a second vibration frequency sensor, a single chip microcomputer, a motor drive chip, a micro motor, a coupler, a supporting frame, a ball nut, a ball screw rod, a screw cap, a connection rod, a mass block and a sliding channel. The piezoelectric cantilever beam is installed on a vibration structure body, the front face and the back face of the piezoelectric cantilever beam are covered with the piezoelectric pieces, the first vibration frequency sensor is installed on the vibration structure body and is respectively connected with the micro capacitor and the single chip microcomputer through wires, the micro capacitor, the second vibration frequency sensor, the single chip microcomputer, the motor drive chip and the micro motor are all arranged on the piezoelectric piece on the front face of the piezoelectric cantilever beam, the micro capacitor is connected with the second vibration frequency sensor through a wire, and the second vibration frequency sensor is connected with the single chip microcomputer through a wire. Vibration frequency of a piezoelectric vibrator is adjustable.