The invention relates to a method for testing dynamic characteristics of a 
pile foundation of a 
nuclear power plant by adopting an underground explosion means, which belongs to the technical field of 
civil engineering structures of 
nuclear power plants and comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring 
geological exploration data, and establishing a fine stratified 
soil model and a simplified stratified 
soil model; s2, calculating the maximum speed of each soil layer in the fine stratified 
soil model by taking an actual 
engineering earthquake as input; s3, calculating the vibration speed of each soil layer in the simplified soil layer model; s4, determining the explosive dosage, arrangement and 
detonation sequence; s5, determining arrangement of test piles; s6, determining the form of the test 
pile and the types and positions of an upper counterweight and a built-in sensor; s7, site construction is conducted, explosives are buried in a drilled hole, and a test 
pile is manufactured; and S8, starting the explosive, measuring the reaction of the test pile, and obtaining the dynamic characteristics of the test pile. According to the method provided by the invention, the propagation mode of seismic 
waves from bottom to top and the process of transmitting the seismic 
waves from soil to the pile body can be simulated, so that the dynamic characteristics of the pile foundation of the 
nuclear power plant in accordance with the actual seismic condition are obtained.