The invention discloses a rock-soil layer anti-backward anchor rod for mining, and relates to the technical field of mining engineering. The rock-soil layer anti-backward anchor rod comprises an anchor head, a rod body and an anchor rod joint, wherein drilling plates are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of a hollow tube; the inner wall of the hollow tube is movably connected with a rotary tooth part; the bottom of a rotary shaft is rotatably connected with the top of an arc-shaped tooth block; and a plurality of hollow sharp heads are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the hollow tube. According to the rock-soil layer anti-backward anchor rod disclosed by the invention, the hollow sharp heads and the hollow tube are arranged, so that when cement is injected into the anchor rod, a pushing block extrudes a hose, and the hollow tube is ejected out by pressure, on the pushing block, of cement; the hollow sharp heads are arranged on the outer wall of the hollow tube, are tapered, and are inserted into a rock-soil layer, and cement flows into the hollow sharp heads along the hollow tube, so that the anchor rod and the rock-soil layer are bonded and fixed better; when cement flows into a front drill bit, a pressure plate is extruded, and a hook cover moves upwards along a slide path to eject out a drill shell; and a hook tube is in the shape of an inverted hook, so that the anchor rod is prevented from moving backwards to cause safety problems of mining workers or rock-soil collapse.