The invention discloses an energy-saving building heating and ventilation system. The energy-saving building heating and ventilation system comprises a floor detection unit, a floor external environment detection unit, a natural wind conveying opening and closing control unit, an outdoor air quality detection unit, an indoor air quality detection unit, an air filtering unit, a harmful gas detection unit, a natural wind ventilation control main machine, a floor main ventilation pipeline conveying module and a floor ventilation branch pipeline opening and closing module, a floor ventilation branch pipeline conveying module, a temperature analysis control module, an active temperature adjustment unit, cold source equipment, heat source equipment, an in-floor information acquisition unit, a pedestrian flow detection module, a pedestrian flow analysis module, an area division module, a wind direction control main machine and an air conditioner air outlet direction turning module. The air temperature adjustment amounts required by different areas are analyzed through the pedestrian flow analysis module, and then the area division module carries out division on the air outlet amounts of the different areas, so that the unnecessary heating and ventilation air outlet amounts are reduced, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.