The invention discloses a microwave photon imaging and identification integrated radar system based on a semiconductor laser, and the system comprises an injection light module, a slave laser, a first photoelectric detector, a power divider, a transmitting and receiving module, a microwave photon frequency mixing module, a target identification input module, a storage pool calculation system, and a target identification output module. A reserve computing system includes a driver module and a response module. Based on the semiconductor laser, the training cost of the system is reduced by utilizing the incomparable advantages of the high-speed propagation characteristic of laser in the calculation rate; based on the photon technology, not only is high-resolution radar imaging realized, but also integration of radar imaging and recognition is realized, the training time and cost are greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the method has the advantages of simple construction, high processing speed and high accuracy. Wherein the slave laser works in a single-period oscillation state, so that the generated radar emission signal has the advantages of large sweep bandwidth, high imaging resolution and flexible tuning.