The invention discloses an infrared probing system and method applied to a high speed train, and belongs to the field of railway safety monitoring. As for a probing system, a host is connected with acontrol box and a train number box, the control box is connected with a bottom probing box and two multielement probes, and each multielement probe comprises a multielement photonic device, a wide-angle multielement optical system and a probe processing circuit. The probing method comprises the steps that when a train passes through, infrared radiation is generated by a part at the train bottom, and is received by the wide-angle multielement optical systems and gathered to chips of the photonic devices, a voltage signal is generated through photovoltaic conversion, the probe processing circuits conduct treatment, such as amplification, filtering and regulating, on the voltage signal, after the voltage signal is subjected to treatment by the control box, the voltage signal is transmitted tothe host to generate a heat map, then correcting is conducted through an intelligent heat map processing module and a center large data platform of the system, and the integrated temperature Ts of each part is obtained; and whether the temperature Ts is larger than the preset value or not is judged, strong-heat early warning or heat shock alarming is sent according to the different preset values,and effective and accurate probing on the part at the train bottom of the high speed train is achieved.