The invention discloses a real-time monitoring system and method suitable for mobile health care. The system comprises a monitor, a data acquisition terminal, a database server, an observing relay server and an observing terminal. The method is an asynchronous real-time monitoring method, and comprises a step of requesting real-time monitoring through the observing terminal and a step of requesting to check history data. The monitor, the data acquisition terminal, the observing relay server, the observing terminal and the database server are connected to the Internet or a local area network, and share one database server with a plurality of hospitals, a plurality of areas and even the whole country, so that share of patient monitoring data is realized, the observing terminal only requests current real-time data while requesting real-time monitoring data without requesting history real-time data, real-time data are only requested when a real-time data duration is greater than a buffering duration, the transmission data size of real-time data is reduced, and the stable transmission of real-time data is ensured; history data are transmitted after being compressed, so that the network transmission data size is reduced, and the network pressure is lowered.