The invention discloses a hydraulic formwork trolley for rail top air duct post-pouring construction. The hydraulic formwork trolley mainly comprises a support system and a formwork system connected to the upper end of the support system, the formwork system comprises a bottom formwork, an inner side moving formwork and an outer side moving formwork which are hinged to the two sides of the bottom formwork and a formwork collecting oil cylinder. The bottom formwork, the inner side moving formwork and the outer side moving formwork are all integral parts, the number of modules is small, and the concrete forming effect is good. The support system comprises a support and an automatic lifting mechanism and an automatic walking mechanism which are at the bottom of the support, the automatic lifting mechanism achieves integral lifting of the trolley, and the automatic walking mechanism achieves integral longitudinal movement. Hinged assembling is quick and high in efficiency, large lifting equipment is not needed, the occupied space is less, and narrow underground construction requirements can be met. After a section is poured, the outer side moving formwork and the inner side moving formwork are rotated to be open through the formwork collecting oil cylinder to get away from the concrete, the height of the support system is controlled to be lowered to enable the bottom formwork to get away from the concrete, the trolley is directly controlled to move to the next to-be-poured section, and corresponding formwork erection operation can be conducted.