The invention discloses an intersection signal control method based on exit residual capacity constraints. Adopted devices comprise multiple traffic flow detectors, a data transmission subsystem, a data processing and control module and lane signal lamps. Firstly, each traffic flow detector acquires queue information of each exit lane at the intersection in real time; then, the traffic flow detector transmits the acquired queue information to the data processing and control module via the data transmission subsystem; and finally, the data processing and control module carries out logic judgment on the received queue information, when queue overflow is about to happen in certain exit lane through judgment, the data processing and control module adopts strategies such as a shortened green lamp and phase jump to instantly give a control command to the data transmission subsystem to change the color of the lane signal lamp, a vehicle flow driving in the exit lane is interrupted, and thus, smooth running at the intersection is ensured. On one hand, happening of a queue overflow condition at the intersection exit can be eliminated through a signal control technology, and traffic jam at the intersection can be avoided; and on the other hand, the passing ability of the intersection in a congested area is improved, and the traffic jam evacuation time is shortened.