The invention provides a device and a method for testing the hardness of a semi-solid extrusion abrasive flow, which are used for solving the technical problems that in the existing production, a uniform detection device and a detection method for the hardness of a semi-solid extrusion abrasive flow product are lacked, the product percent of pass is low, and the processing consistency and the processing precision are difficult to control. The device comprises a clamping mechanism, a temperature control mechanism, a test rod, a sample cylinder and a timing measurement mechanism. The clamping mechanism is fixedly connected to the temperature control mechanism, the test rod is arranged on the clamping mechanism through the guide mechanism, the upper end of the test rod is connected with the clamping mechanism, the sample cylinder is fixed in the temperature control mechanism, the lower end of the test rod is matched with the sample cylinder, the timing measurement mechanism is connected with the clamping mechanism, and the timing measurement mechanism is matched with the test rod. Reliable guidance can be provided for production and application of extrusion abrasive flow products, the quality of the extrusion abrasive flow products is improved, the first-pass yield of machining is improved, and reworking, repairing and scrapping are reduced.