The invention discloses a PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) algorithm-based instant heating type kettle control circuit and a control method. The control circuit comprises an input module, a display module, a core control circuit module, a temperature detection module, a water inlet, a heating pot and a water outlet; the water inlet comprises a water pump and a first thermistor, the heating pot comprises a heat pump and a second thermistor, the water outlet comprises a third thermistor, the first thermistor, the second thermistor and the third thermistor are respectively connected with the temperature detection module, and the core control circuit module is respectively connected with the temperature detection module, the water pump, the heat pump, the input module and the display module. The method utilizes the segmented PID algorithm to regulate the heating power of the heat pump and the pumping power of the water pump in real time according to influent water temperature, the hot water temperature in the heating pot and effluent water temperature. The method has the characteristics of high-efficient energy saving, high control precision and high robustness.