The invention provides a risk-guiding analysis method for optimizing technical specifications of a nuclear power plant, comprising the following steps: S1, determining an optimization objective: determining an optimization objective according to the actual situation of the nuclear power plant; S2, engineering analysis, specifically including step qualitative safety analysis and quantitative safetyanalysis; S21, qualitative safety analysis: evaluate and analyze the compliance of the regulation requirements, the compliance of the defense in depth and the compliance of the safety margin for theoptimization objective formulated in S1 step; S22, quantitative safety analysis is probabilistic safety assessment: evaluating the influence of optimization on the safety of nuclear power plant and the influence of optimization on the PSA model of the power plant, obtaining quantitative evaluation results, and comprehensively judging whether the optimization of the technical specifications of thenuclear power plant is acceptable or not; S3, risk-guiding decision-making principle judgment; S4, formulating a performance monitoring strategy; The invention establishes a set of risk evaluation system and a performance tracking strategy to ensure that the risk-guided decision principle is met optimally.