A microwave photonics-based wide-range high-precision microwave frequency measurement method and device, belonging to the technical field of microwave photonics. Tunable laser, coupler, phase modulator, intensity modulator 1, intensity modulator 2, filter, vector network analyzer, isolator, single-mode fiber 1, single-mode fiber 2, circulator 1, circulator 2 , Microwave signal source 1, microwave signal source 2, DC regulated power supply 1, DC regulated power supply 2, photoelectric converter. The amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and phase-frequency characteristic curve are measured by the vector network analyzer, so as to realize the rough measurement and precise measurement of the unknown signal frequency. The present invention uses two pump lights to realize the offset of the gain spectrum and the loss spectrum, and increase the multi-frequency measurement range; the present invention constructs a phase-shift-frequency function curve based on the Brillouin scattering phase-frequency characteristic, and obtains the measured phase-shift-frequency function curve through the phase-shift-frequency function curve The frequency value of the microwave signal improves the measurement accuracy.