The invention discloses a 3D printing ABS composite material capable of continuously emitting light and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively weighing long afterglow fluorescent powder, KH550, ABS particles and ABS powder; adding the KH550 into deionized water, carrying out hydrolyzing and stirring, adding fluorescent powder, performing refluxing, cooling and washing, carrying out vacuum drying to constant weight, and conducting grinding to obtain KH550 modified fluorescent powder; after the ABS powder is acidified by hydrochloric acid, grafting the acidified ABS powder with the KH550 modified fluorescent powder through HATU to obtain a composite material; and subjecting the composite material to melting and manufacturing through a 3D printing extruder, and carrying out extrusion and drawing to obtain the 3D printing ABS composite material capable of continuously emitting light. According to the preparation method, the combination of a long-afterglow luminescent material and a 3D printing technology is realized, and the prepared 3D printing composite material not only can continuously emit light, but also has good mechanical properties, can be applied to the aspects of medicine, the manufacturing industry, the food industry, the industry, the jewelry industry and the like, and greatly expands the application field of 3D printing.