The invention discloses an elevator damping device with adaptability. The elevator damping device comprises a magnetorheological damping body and a control system. Parameters of magnetorheological fluid are regulated according to parameters in an abnormal falling process, if the falling speed is higher, the electrification current is increased, and the magnetorheological fluid is thickened for increasing the damping force, in addition, the damping force is gradually increased in the bottom touching process of an elevator life car body, meanwhile, the electrification current can be reduced after the speed of the elevator life car body is decelerated in the damping process, a gradually decreased damping force is formed, the damping is fast and gentle combined with the general hydraulic damping and the damping of an ordinary spring, and the damping force is adjustable, so the elevator damping device can be applicable to high-speed and low-speed elevators, the descending buffer smoothness and the sufficient variable damping force are realized, and in addition, the any-time dynamic application effects are achieved, so that the comfort and the reliability before the elevator life car body touches the bottom and at the moment of making contact with a buffer assembly can be effectively improved, and the safety performance of the elevators is improved.