The invention provides an efficient electrochemical polishing device and method for the outer surface of a tungsten pipe. The method comprises the following steps that S1, pretreatment is conducted, specifically, the to-be-polished tungsten pipe is cleaned to remove impurities on the surface of the tungsten pipe, and the to-be-polished tungsten pipe is dried; S2, electrochemical polishing is conducted, specifically, a barrel is provided, the to-be-polished tungsten pipe is inserted into the barrel, the central axis of the to-be-polished tungsten pipe is made to coincide with or be parallel to the central axis of the barrel, the central axis of the to-be-polished tungsten pipe is made to be vertically arranged, electrolyte is introduced into the barrel till the barrel is full of the electrolyte, the central axis of the to-be-polished tungsten pipe is horizontally arranged, the to-be-polished tungsten pipe and the barrel are connected to an positive electrode and an negative electrode of a power source correspondingly, meanwhile, the electrolyte is circularly guided into the barrel, the electrolyte is left to stand, the central axis of the to-be-polished tungsten pipe is vertically arranged, introduction of the electrolyte is stopped, the barrel is opened for exhausting and left to stand, the power source is disconnected after polishing is finished, and the tungsten pipe is taken out; and S3, post-treatment is conducted, specifically, the tungsten pipe is cleaned and dried. According to the efficient electrochemical polishing device and method, efficient polishing of the tungsten pipe is achieved, the polishing efficiency is effectively improved, and the polishing quality is excellent.