The invention relates to the technical field of 
ideal gas state equation research of high school 
physics, in particular to an experimental instrument for researching an 
ideal gas state equation and an operating method. The experimental instrument is characterized by consisting of an air cylinder, a 
thermometer and an air pressure gauge, the air cylinder consists of a square air cylinder body, an equal-pressure 
piston and a positioning-adjusting 
piston, the air pressure gauge and the 
thermometer are arranged inside the square air cylinder body, the lower-end sensing portion of the air pressure gauge extends into the square air cylinder body, the upper-end reading display portion extends out of the square air cylinder body to achieve monitoring and recording of an air pressure value, the lower-end sensing portion of the 
thermometer extends into the square air cylinder body, and the upper-end reading display portion extends out of the square air cylinder body to achieve monitoring and recording of a temperature value. Due to the fact that a 
control variable method is applied on the same device to control the isothermal, isasteric and isobaric processes respectively, three gas experiment laws are respectively inspected to obtain a conclusion and draw p-V, p-T and V-T images, and the experimental instrument has the advantages of being accurate in variable control, facilitating mastering and understanding of students and the like.