The invention discloses an overlapping quantity pneumatic measuring device and method of a large-flow electro-hydraulic servo valve. The overlapping quantity pneumatic measuring device is mainly composed of a valve seat pressing air cylinder, a differential pressure type flow meter, a tension pressure sensor, an electric translation table, a valve sleeve push-out air cylinder, a valve sleeve ejector rod, an air distribution seat, an auxiliary ejector rod, a sliding valve assembly, a guide seat, a valve seat pressing rotating air cylinder, a displacement sensor, a displacement sensor horizontalmoving air cylinder, a sliding block guide rail, a valve element clamping air cylinder and the like; According to the method, an overlapping quantity pneumatic comprehensive measuring method of a pressure type measuring gas path and a flow type measuring gas path is mainly adopted. The overlapping quantity pneumatic measuring device has the advantages that under the premise that the overlapping quantity measuring precision and repeated precision requirements of the large-flow electro-hydraulic servo valve are met, the overlapping quantity measurement of large-flow sliding valve pairs with various size specifications can be achieved, the measuring automation degree and the testing efficiency are greatly improved, and the skill requirements of operating workers are reduced.