A novel ship tail gas treatment system is provided with an air compression system and a soot blower, the air compression system is connected with a flue gas mixer, the flue gas mixer is connected withan SCR reactor, the soot blower is connected with the SCR reactor, tail gas exhausted by a fuel main engine enters the flue gas mixer, and the flue gas mixer is connected with an ammonia gas conveying system. The ammonia gas conveying system is provided with a liquid ammonia fuel storage tank and an ammonia gas liquefaction device, a liquid ammonia low-pressure pump is arranged in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, and liquid ammonia is pumped out through the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump and finally enters the flue gas mixer. Volatile gas in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank is fully utilized, the method is preferentially applied to ammonia fuel main engine tail gas denitrification treatment, and the ammonia gas liquefaction device is arranged as a supplement means for ammonia volatile gas treatment, so that the volatile gas in the liquid ammonia storage tank can be completely treated, the pressure rise and structural damage of the liquid ammonia storage tank caused by continuous accumulation of the ammonia volatile gas are avoided, a large amount of the ammonia volatile gas is prevented from being discharged to the atmosphere, and the safety of the liquid ammonia storage tank and a ship is guaranteed.