The invention discloses a preparation method of a nickel-based alloy electrolysis hydrogen evolution cathode porous material. According to the preparation method, a Ni-W-Al-LaNi5 porous material is synthesized by uniformly mixing and drying four types of high-purity element powder, namely, Ni, W, Al and LaNi5, in the following percentage by mass: 15 to 32 percent of the W, 5 to 18 percent of the Al, 2 to 7 percent of the LaNi5, and the balance of Ni, pressing and forming to obtain a green body, and performing a vacuum sintering reaction on the green body by utilizing a solid phase partial diffusion principle. The porous material prepared by the preparation method has the advantages of abundant pores, large specific surface area, concerted catalysis, low hydrogen evolution over-potential, stable hydrogen evolution, good corrosion resistance, easiness, environment-friendliness, capacity of batch production and the like, and has important significance to production and application of hydrogen energy.