The invention relates to a lightweight bidirectional
authentication protocol which can be used in an RFID
system of
the Internet of Things. The bidirectional challenging response of a backstage and an RFID
label is achieved based on a dual
authentication mechanism of 'bidirectional random number-new and old key pair, the pseudo random number and the
clock parameter are bound through the time attachment
encryption, and the trust worthiness of the freshness amount of the protocol can be improved. The protocol participates in
authentication through the new and old key pair preset by a backstage
database to
resist the desynchronizatio excluding the RFID
system, and the unbalance between the backstage and a
label key is avoided. A reader and the backstage
resist the desynchronization from the interior of a
system through the time attachment
encryption / decryption, and the occurrence that the backstage refuses an authentication
label perpetually due to the fact that a malicious reader releases information again is avoided. In addition, the key is updated through the Hash operation, the parameter is corrected by alternately adopting the ultra-lightweight Mixbits function, and the tracking prevention and forward direction safety of the protocol are guaranteed on the basis of reducing the protocol calculating expenditure. The protocol has the advantages of being safe, efficient, flexible and suitable for the fields of identifying the low-cost RFID system, updating the key and the like.